When heat treating metal to harden it, the metal is heated to a temperature where the elements in the metal dissolve. Prior to this, the primary cause of 'give' or plasticity in metal is defects in the crystal lattice structure.
Fremont, CA: There are several ways to modify how metals work and respond to precision machining. Heat treating is one of these approaches. Heat treating can be applied to the part prior to the final hardening and heating stages to make the material more machinable, or the parts can be machined before the final hardening and heating stages. Heat treatment can alter a variety of metal properties such as strength, hardness, durability, machinability, formability, ductility, and elasticity. It may also change the physical and mechanical properties of metal, causing it to be used differently or alter potential work on the metal. Let us take a closer look at the different types of heat treating and how these affect the parts during precision machining.
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When heat treating metal to harden it, the metal is heated to a temperature where the elements in the metal dissolve. Prior to this, the primary cause of 'give' or plasticity in metal is defects in the crystal lattice structure. Heat treating corrects these flaws by immersing the metal in a dependable solution containing fine particles that reinforce the metal. After thoroughly heating the metal to the proper temperature to make a solid solution, it is easily quenched to trap the particles in the solution.
Impurity particles are applied to the metal alloy during precipitation hardening to improve strength even more.
Case Hardening
The exterior layer of metal hardens during the case hardening process, while the internal metal remains soft. Additional carbon must be infused into the surface of metals with low carbon content, such as iron and steel. Case hardening is a procedure that is often used as a final step after the piece has been machined. To create a hardened outer layer, high heat is combined with other elements and chemicals. Case hardening is useful for applications that require a flexible metal with a durable wear layer because hardening will make metals more brittle.
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